Informatics Publishing Limited

Dattatraya M. Shinkar ¹, Amol P. Suryawanshi ¹, Ravindra B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN

Abstract

The oral drug delivery systems exhibit variable and short gastric emptying time, which result in incomplete drug release from the delivery system. This leads to diminished efficacy of administered dose. Floating drug delivery system (FDDS) can retain the dosage form in the gastric region for several hrs. Designing the Floating drug delivery system for prolong gastric retention helps in improving bioavailability and improve solubility of the drug that are less soluble in a high pH environment. FDDS applicable for drugs having poor bioavailability because of narrow absorption window in the GIT. FDDS increase the bioavailability of drug by retains the dosage form at the site of absorption. This review mainly focus on information on the basis o their design, classification, advantages, evaluation and future scope of FDDS.

Keywords

Floating Drug Delivery System, Gastric Residence Time, Swelling Index, Buoyancy.

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Dattatraya M. Shinkar ¹, Pinak S. Paralkar ¹, R. B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, KCT'S R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjenari, Dist. Nashik-422212, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KCT'S R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjenari, Dist. Nashik-422212, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Liposomes, spherical vesicles consisting of one or more phospholipids bilayers, were first described in mid 60s by Banghum and coworkers. Since then, liposomes have made their way to the market. Liposomes are highly versatile structures for researcher's therapeutic and analytical applications. The insight gained from clinical use of liposome drug delivery systems can now be integrated to design liposomes targeted to tissues and cells with or without expression of target recognition molecules on liposomes membranes. Enhanced safety and heightened efficacy have been achieved for wide range of drug classes, including antitumor agents, antiviral, antifungal, antimicrobial, vaccines and gene therapeutics. This review summaries exclusively scalable industrial method of preparation of liposomes, marketed preparation of liposomes and analysis of liposomes. An additional point of view was taken to regulatory concerning liposomal drug formulations based on FDA and EMEA documents.

Keywords

Liposomes, Preparation Methods, Characteristics, Analysis.

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Amol P. Suryawanshi ¹, Dattatraya M. Shinkar ¹, R. B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN

Abstract

Granulation is one of the most important unit operation in the production of pharmaceutical oral dosage forms. Granulation is defined as the size enlargement process in which fine and smaller particle are aggregated to form strong and stable particles called granules. Granulation process improves flow compressibility and content uniformity of powders this technique helps to achieve improved yields with tablet defects , high productivity along with reduced down time the present review mainly focused on granulation techniques and the advantages and disadvantages of the process.

Keywords

Granulation, Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Improved Yields.

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Dattatraya M. Shinkar ¹, Sudarshan B. Aher ¹, Ravindra B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, R. G. Sapkal, College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN
2 Department of Chemistry, R. G. Sapkal, College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, IN

Abstract

It is suggested here that liquisolid technique has the potential to be optimized for the reduction of drug dissolution rate and thereby production of sustained release systems is possible. In the present study, carvedilol was dispersed in polyethylene glycol 400 as the liquid vehicle. Then a binary mixture of carrier-coating materials ((Avicel PH-102) as the carrier and silica200 as the coating material) was added to the liquid medication under continuous mixing in a mortar. The final mixture was compressed using the tablet compression machine. The effect of drug concentration, loading factor, thermal treating and on release profile of carvedilol from liquisolid compacts were investigated. The release rate of carvedilol from liquisolid compacts was compared to the release of carvedilol from matrix tablets. X-ray crystallography and DSC were used to investigate the formation of any complex between drug and excipients or any crystallinity changes during the manufacturing process. carvedilol tablets prepared by liquisolid technique showed greater retardation properties in comparison with matrix tablets. This investigation provided evidence that (HPMC) hydroxypropyl methylcellulose has important role in sustaining the release of drug from liquisolid tablets. The results also showed that wet granulation had remarkable impact on release rate of carvedilol from liquisolid compacts, reducing the release rate of drug from liquisolid compacts. The results showed that aging (liquisolid tablets were kept at 400C and 75 % relative humidity for 3 months) had no effect on hardness and dissolution profile of drug. The kinetics studies revealed that most of the liquisolid formulations followed the zero-order release pattern. Infrared spectroscopy and DSC ruled out any changes in crystallinity or complex formation during the manufacturing process of liquisolid formulations.

Keywords

Carvedilol, Dissolution Rate, Liquisolid Compacts, Sustained Release.

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Pinak S. Paralkar ¹, Dattatraya M. Shinkar ¹, Ravindra B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, KCT'S R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjenari, Dist. Nashik-422212, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KCT'S R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjenari, Dist. Nashik-422212, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Sharpless enantioselective epoxidation of achiral primary allyl alcohols is one of the best reaction discovered during the last about three decades. The reaction was typically named after discovery of this by Karl Barry Sharpless. For this discovery Sharpless received the Nobel Prize for medicinal chemistry in the year 2001. This reaction is stearoselective, i.e. it produces only enantionmers as final product. This reaction converts primary and secondary allylic alcohols into the 2, 3 epoxy alcohols. The final enantionmers which is formed will be a stereoselective depending upon the catalyst used during the same reaction. This reactions turns to be industry beneficial due to its applicability and high yield of products in the reaction.

Keywords

Sharpless Epoxidation, 2, 3 Epoxy Alcohols, Application of Reaction, Industrial Examples.

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